The Shang Dynasty - History of Ancient China

The Shang dynasty is thought to have lasted from c. 1600 to c.1100 BCE. It is also called the Yin Dynasty (or Shang-Yin). Tang the Great founded the dynasty. King Zhou was its final ruler. The Shang kings were linked to the rulers of the areas around who paid tribute and provided soldiers for military operations. The Shang kings had some bureaucracy with the highest offices presumed filled by close friends and family of the king. Records of major events were kept. Shang Population The Shang probably had about 13.5 million people, according to Duan Chang-Qun et al. It was centered on the North China Plain northward to modern Shangdong and Hebei provinces and westward through the modern Henan province. Population pressures led to multiple migrations and the capitals moved, too, until settling in Yin (Anyang, Henan) in the 14th century. Relocation of Civilization Centers in Ancient China: Environmental Factors, by Duan Chang-Qun, Gan Xue-Chun, Jeanny Wang and Paul K. Chien. Ambio, Vol. 27, No. 7 (Nov., 1998), pp. 572-575.Shang dynasty. (2009). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online: http://www.search.eb.com/eb/article-9067119China KnowledgeThe Shang of Ancient China, by L. M. Young. Current Anthropology, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Jun., 1982), pp. 311-314. Start of the Shang Dynasty Tang the Great defeated the last, evil king of the Xia Dynasty, sending him into exile. The Shang changed their capital numerous times because of environmental problems, hostile neighbors, or because they were a semi-nomadic people used to moving. Shang Dynasty Kings Da Yi (Tang the Great)Tai DingWai BingZhong RenTai JiaWo DingTai GengXiao JiaYong JiTai WuLà ¼ JiZhong DingWai RenHedan JiaZu YiZu XinWo JiaZu DingNan GengYang JiaPan GengXiao XinXiao YiWu DingZu JiZu GengZu JiaLin XinGeng DingWu YiWen DingDi YiDi Xin (Zhou) Shang Accomplishments Earliest glazed pottery, evidence of a potters wheel, industrialized bronze casting used for rituals, wine, and food, as well as weapons and tools, advanced jade carving, determined the year was 365 1/4 days, made reports on diseases, first appearance of Chinese script, oracle bones, Steppe-like war chariots. Remains have been found of palace foundations, burials, and rammed earth fortifications. Fall of the Shang Dynasty The cycle of the founding of a dynasty by a great king and ending a dynasty with the ousting of an evil king continued with the Shang Dynasty. The final, tyrannical king of the Shang is commonly called King Zhou. He killed his own son, tortured and murdered his ministers and was overly influenced by his concubine. The Zhou army defeated the last king of the Shang, whom they called the Yin, at the Battle of Muye. The Yin King immolated himself. Sources The Shang-Yin Dynasty and the An-Yang Finds W. Perceval Yetts  The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland No. 3 (Jul., 1933), pp. 657-685Urbanism and the King in Ancient China K. C. Chang  World Archaeology Vol. 6, No. 1, Political Systems (Jun., 1974), pp. 1-14China. (2009). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online: http://www.search.eb.com/eb/article-71625.Shang Divination and Metaphysics, by David N. Keightley.  Philosophy East and West, Vol. 38, No. 4 (Oct., 1988), pp. 367-397.

Accident Report On The Workplace - 1489 Words

Accident in the workplace Name Affiliated institution Introduction Yes, accidents in a workplace are real and can occur anytime when immense care is not taken. According to Laflamme, (1990) work accidents may also be referred to as workplace accident, or occupational accidents. On the other hand, Saari, (2009), argues that 120 million accidents occur on an annual basis in various workplaces around the world. About 210,000 of these accidents are fatal while about 500 men and women working in different companies are killed in the process of performing their duties at work. Accidents occurring in workplaces are frequently not brought to the limelight because they might damage the reputation of involved companies and this could†¦show more content†¦The ideas are termed to be necessary but not sufficient which can be used to develop a frame of reference which an individual can use to define accidents and occur. Theories of accidents W. H. Heinrich developed the Domino theory in 1931. He stated that 88% of the overall accidents were as a result of unsafe acts of people while 10% dangerous actions. 2% of the accidents were purely the acts of God. He also proposed a five-factor accident sequence which includes ancestry and social environment, work fault, unsafe act together with mechanical and physical hazards, accidents, and damage (Ork Ridge National Laboratory, 2016). Multiple causation theory, on the other hand, accounts that, for an accident to occur, there are various factors involved and working at the same time. Contributing factors include behavioral and environmental. Pure chance theory, on the other hand, educates that everyone working at a particular workstation is exposed to the possibility of being involved in an accident. Biassed theory states that once a worker takes part in an accident, there is a bigger chance that he will or will not be involved in another accident. Accident Proneness theory states that within the workers in an organization, there is a set of employees who are prone to accidents. Types of accidents Many work related accidents are usually minor in nature. For instance, they might be

Scholarly Voice And Writing Free Essays

Some people are aloof to read scholarly articles for the fear of not understanding them. They have this connotation that since the articles are written by those masters in the subject, they could not easily relate to them. Obviously, this notion about scholarly articles does not favor both the readers and the writers. We will write a custom essay sample on Scholarly Voice And Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the readers will continue to elude such kind of writing, the writers on one hand will be limited in proliferating their messages. How could this scenario be avoided? Perhaps it is good to start in solving the problem about the misconceptions of scholarly writing. The writers of these articles could probably hold several degrees in their fields, but it does not mean that what they write are being understood only by those who are also in their same fields. At this point, the role of effective scholarly writing takes place. It is now the responsibility of the writers to convey their message using the most appropriate and effective manner of scholarly writing. What then are the criteria for effective scholarly writing and how does one achieve it? Effective scholarly writing could be best described as having an effective scholarly voice. What then is a scholarly voice? Scholarly voice is simply described as the voice that reflects one’s cognition about a topic. A person having a scholarly voice represents his full grasp on his subject. Because his audience could not see him, the way he wrote will define his voice. His writing is his own voice. Therefore, it is important to know how to have an effective scholarly writing. Scholarly writing is a kind of writing characterized by clarity, conciseness, and precision in words. By clarity it means that the writer should be able to express all of his thoughts in a clear, understandable manner. This could be achieved by following some tips. For example, relying on grammar, spelling, and writing style manuals would add to the clarity of the message. Being concise, on the other hand, could be achieved through giving the readers a comprehensive message. With comprehensiveness, it means that the message should not only be complete, but should reflect objectivity as well. A scholarly writing is based on solid evidence. Finally, preciseness in the use of words means appropriateness in language choice. As Professor Lilburn Hoehn has said, â€Å"Figure out what you want to say and just say it†. An effective scholarly writing is direct to the point and free from wordiness or puffery. Although there are criteria for effective scholarly writing, sometimes outside factors may affect a writer in his writing. One of these is the intended audience. A writer should be sensitive to the basic information about his intended audience—its demographics, its personality, and most importantly, its expectations and needs. As a scholar writer, one should know that his intended audience is mostly comprised of people of his same level of mastery. His writing should be strongly based on evidence because his intended audience is composed of critical and rational thinkers. Thus, the writer should know what he is writing about. It should be true and should matter to his audience. Having described effective scholarly voice and writing, it is now better for me to assess myself. I believe that one of my greatest assets is my keen sense for objectivity. Because of this, I am sure that I will be able to exude one of most important characteristics of effective scholarly writing—objectivity. However, I also believe that one of my weaknesses is being wordy with my writing. Knowing that my intended audience, I should try to eliminate this weakness and convert it to an asset. To do this, I believe that I should expose myself more to samples of scholarly writings. More importantly, practicing my writing skill is the best way to gain my goal. Gaining the skills to write a scholarly article using a scholarly voice seems to be a task hard to attain. While most people are accustomed writing and using layman’s terms, it is still not a valid excuse to elude from learning how to write in a scholarly manner. One should really have the determination to learn the principles of scholarly writing. How to cite Scholarly Voice And Writing, Papers